Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. Small stones can pass on their own; larger ones can block the flow of urine and cause severe pain or infection.
Common symptoms
Sudden, severe pain in the side or back that may spread to the lower abdomen or groin; pain that comes in waves; blood in the urine; burning while passing urine; nausea or vomiting.
When it is urgent
Come in immediately if pain comes with fever or chills, if you cannot pass urine, or if vomiting stops you keeping fluids down. A blocked, infected kidney is an emergency.
Treatment
Many small stones pass with fluids and medicines. Larger or blocking stones may need a procedure, often done endoscopically without a large cut.
Lowering the risk
Drink enough water to keep urine pale, limit salt, and follow the diet advice your urologist gives based on the type of stone.